Teacher free essay sample

Running head: FINDING THE LEADER IN YOU Assignment 1: Finding the Leader in You: Self-Assessment/Johari Window Paper Submitted to Instructor: Dr. G. Reeley BUS520037VA016-1134-001 Leadership and Organizational Annette West Strayer University April 27, 2013 Assignment 1: Finding the Leader in You: Self-Assessment/Johari Window A Paper In request to turn out to be increasingly educated about explicit authority styles that are normally utilized in an association, the Wiley Schermerhorn: Management Self-Assessment device was used to help with characterizing zones of solidarity. With the data gave and the evaluation results acquired, there was a simple complete translation of what the outcomes implied. Table 1 gives the Profile of Personality Characteristics and Assessment Results. This data helps with deciding how character attributes help shape how we lead in associations. Table 1 Personality Characteristics| Assessment Results| 21st Century Manager| 8. 5| Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership| 2426| Intuitive Ability| 7| Organizational Design Preference| 1=†the baseball team†2=†the club†3=†the fortress†4=†the academy†| Alongside the evaluation results, the Wiley Schermerhorn apparatus had the option to give a summed up translation of what the scored outcomes spoke to. We will compose a custom article test on Educator or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As per the scores from the 21st Century Manager space, it verified that the score of 8. 5 is a decent beginning stage as I consider where and how to additionally seek after the advancement of your administration aptitudes and abilities. My prosperity will lay on (1) an underlying familiarity with the significance of these essential administration establishments and (2) a readiness to trive constantly to fortify them all through the work vocation. In checking on Transformational and Transactional Leadership qualities, the score 24 and 26, separately, portrays a pioneer/chief that can motivate its individuals to â€Å"buy-in† to the vision and mission of the hierarchical. Despite the fact that both initiative qualities are required and should be utilized in many conditions, the Transactional authority model gives off an impression of being the one distinguished to be most grounded style of the two recognized in my evaluation. All through my own profession decisions, I accept that I’ve figured out how to utilize this style in light of the fact that as a state funded instruction instructor we have consistently had a teacher’s association to guarantee that we get â€Å"exchanges† for our responsibility to the District. Hollander (1978) states that value-based authority is figured on the desire that there is a â€Å"exchange† between the whoever is in control and those that work for that singular, implying that the individuals who work for the individual in control get some type of remuneration for finishing required assignments. It is my craving to grasp the capacity to utilize a Transformational style to force people to go past the fundamental degree of their duties. (Howell amp; Frost, 1989). In my present position, I have discovered that representatives are remaining with our association â€Å"not in light of the fact that they are being paid for their work but since they want to flexibly a need to its customers and furthermore to feel like they are having any kind of effect. The evaluation score of 7 was acquired in the territory of Intuitive Abilities. As per the translation outline given, it shows up as though I keep on using â€Å"traditional logical techniques† to decide (Agor, 1989). In his book named â€Å"Intuition in Organization,† Agor (1989), states that so as to be fruitful later on one must started to set themselves up to utilize increasingly natural abilities in dynamic. The scoring around there doesn't astound me originating from a study hall condition to an initiative position now where I am compelled to settle on choices rapidly while remembering how it impacts the entire association. It future goes to clarify a portion of the battles that I have with overseeing bigger and more seasoned gatherings of people. The aptitudes exist inside yet I should put nearer consideration on ensuring that I work to build up those abilities. As indicated by Veiga amp; Yanouzas,â (1979), the attention on Organizational Design Preferences ought to be to help with deciding how choices are made about gathering individuals and how to put them in the best condition so people are effective. In the zone of Organizational Design Preference, my score was a 71 which implied that I was increasingly OK with a â€Å"mechanistic design†. References Agor, W. (1989c). Instinct in associations: Leading and overseeing beneficially. California: Sage Publications, Inc. Hollander, E. New York: Free Press; 1978. Authority Dynamics. Howell JM, Frost PJ. A research facility investigation of charming initiative. Authoritative Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1989; 43:243â€269. Veiga, JF, Yanouzas, JN. , The Dynamics of Organization Theory: Gaining a Macro Perspective (St. Paul, MN: West, 1979), pp. 158-160 Appendix Submitted and Completed Self-Assessment Score Sheet .

Federalists vs Democrats 18th Century Essay Example for Free

Federalists versus Democrats eighteenth Century Essay All through the 1790s the introduction of American ideological groups rose. A considerable lot of Americas establishing fathers loathed the possibility of ideological groups since they spoke to ideological groups came about on account of the distinction in feelings among the populace. The infant constitution achieved issues, for example, north and south, rich and poor, and horticulture versus enterprises that would reform the route individuals in America thought, and their convictions, therefore bringing forth ideological groups. The ideological groups were partitioned as follows. There was Alexander Hamilton, a Federalist, and his adherents who had confidence in a solid focal government that would bolster their inclinations in trade and industry. Among the Federalists supporters were the absolute most persuasive men of the time, including: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and John Jay. These men had extraordinary resistance to the constitution and expounded on them in their Federalist Papers and were perused the whole way across the country. The Federalists needed to tackle the issues of the country themselves. Thomas Jefferson was arranged as a Democratic-Republican. The Republicans had faith in a decentralized agrarian republic in which national government had restricted forces. The two gatherings battled against one another intensely in the first place. After the approval of Jays Treaty in 1794, giving a to some degree glossed over business relationship, got up varying suppositions between the Federalists and the Republicans. In one corner stood John Adams, federalist, supporting the confirmation of Jays Treaty since it evaded war and proceeded with exchange. On the opposite side there was Jefferson, Democratic-Republican, who accepted the arrangement left entryways open for the British to proceed with maltreatment of intensity, for example, impressment. For quite a while, contradicting ideological groups devoured what was the media of the time and made a supposition among the individuals. Despite the fact that with its extraordinary endeavors and logicians, the Federalist party before long seized to exist, and for a considerable length of time the Democratic-Republicans managed what is the United States.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

An article on 'The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness by Erich Fromm. Measure of pages: 478. The book goes on in clarifying the methods of animosity and how it ventures into man. Refering to forceful models in the conduct of necrophilics and Hitler. The creator goes into the early existence of Hitler and his folks. How it had impact on what he became and his dangerous lifestyle. He was a man that laid somewhere between the real world and his dream. He had played war games up until the age of sixteen and after that he told his military like they had been a game. Accepting dangers with fighters just as overlooking exact data that would have been basic to his arrangements; and furthermore the obliviousness of British and US resistance. He was a maniacal man who is a generally excellent case of how far a man with ruinous reason can rise. Attempting to clarify forceful conduct, there is center around a center issue, impulses. Experiencing creature conduct and contrasting it and human conduct and how comparative our senses are. There is additionally center around analyzing crude clans. The object of these discoveries were to discover how warlike the clans are. In the chasing gatherers clans, war isn't as well known and productive as in current society. Two purposes behind this is these clans don't have most important things and there is no common kind of money to take. In these clans, war was rare and not lead by lasting pioneers. As restricted by present day days. What likewise varies is the success to slaughter whatever number of the adversary as could be allowed. Hostility is administered into a few classes, for example, Benign animosity which is one of a protective sort and harmful animosity which really roots into different conditions. Premises, necrophilia, savagery and demolition. The delight of demolition and maltreatment of it. Â Â Â Â Â Destructiveness rest in goes about as well as reveres. There is an instance of worshipful admiration, a man completely gave to the beast of annihilation. Kern, von salomon. A man this way and his demonstrations are in no way, shape or form ordinary, and as far as anyone knows brought about by the world he knows, all ethically, socially, respect, dutifulness is lost. The animosity takes control for some reasons. Albeit an extraordinary instance of animosity, we see what might be social orders cause on it own kin. Something like this is a window to this image. Â Â Â Â Â Another spotlight would be on Milgram's electric analysis.

Modern humans life - Free Essay Example

Automobiles are part of modern humans life. For some people automobile is carrier, for others it is luxury. Nevertheless, by allowing people to commute long distances for work, shopping, and entertainment, automobile become unabrogated part of our life. Demand for automobiles remains high and inelastic. For instance, in advanced western households, and depending on the economy, the number of automobiles per family is greater than 1. (Domansky L 2006). Automobile industry is the industry that produces, designs, develops, manufactures and sells vehicles, including passenger cars, trucks, farm equipment, and other commercial vehicles. Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India. In 2008, more than 70 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide (Wikipedia 2008). ORGANIZATION TOYOTA Toyota Industries Corporation is the biggest Japanese machine maker. Initially, a manufacturer of automatic looms, it is parent company of Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyota Industries currently is active in 5 business areas: automotive, materials handling, electronics, logistics and textile machinery. (Wikipedia 2008). Toyota Motor Corporation or simply known as Toyota, is international corporation headquartered in Japan and the largest automaker by sales (please see Appendixes A and B). Toyota employs more than 300,000 people around the world. Originally, Toyota was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 from his fathers company Toyota Industries in order to create automobiles. Company overview 1980 The Toyota Motor Company received its first Japanese Quality Control Award and began taking part in a variety of motorsports. 1982 The Toyota Motor Company and Toyota Motor Sales merged into one company, the Toyota Motor Corporation. 1990 Toyota began to expand from producing mostly compact cars by adding many larger and more luxurious vehicles to its lineup. 1997 Toyota began production of the worlds best-selling hybrid car, the Prius. 1999 Entity was listed on the New York and London Stock Exchange 2002 Toyota managed to enter a Formula One works team 2005 Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the worlds leading companies 2007 Toyota Camry Car of the Year for 2007. (Wikipedia 2008) LITERATURE REVIEW INNOVATION The only way a company can make significant breakthrough innovation in product development performance is to build its own one with the patience and philosophical underpinnings that has led to the success of Toyota. Toyotas innovations have focused on process rather than on product. That has made those innovations hard to see. But it hasnt made them any less powerful. The companys success is the Toyota Production System, which took place after the Second World War. (Taiichi Ohno 1990). Taiichi Ohno, a Toyota engineer turned need into advantage, coming up with a system to get as much as possible out of every part, every machine, and every worker. The principles were simple do away with waste, have parts arrive precisely when workers need them, fix problems as soon as they arise. What Toyota has done, better than any other manufacturing companies, is turn theory into practice. In some cases, it has done so with findings, like the andon cord, which means any worker can pluck to stop the assembly line if he notices a problem, or kanban, a card system that permits workers to signal when new parts are needed. Moreover, it has done so by reorganizing factory floors and workspaces in order to allow for a freer and easier flow of parts and products. Most innovation concentrates on what gets made. Toyota reinvented how things got made, which enabled it to make cars quicker and with less labor than other companies. (Liker J 2004) Toyota determines innovation as an incremental process, in which the aim is not to make big, unexpected jumps but, rather, to make things better on a daily basis. (The principle is frequently known by its Japanese name, kaizen persistent improvement.) In place of trying to throw long touchdown passes, as it were, Toyota moves down the field by means of short and stable gains. And so it rejects the idea that innovation is something far away from reality; instead, it is taken to be an everyday task for which everyone is responsible. (M organ J., Liker J. 2006) However, in 2006, Toyota ran into a series of quality problems and its possible that the focus on incremental innovation would be less well suited to businesses driven by large technological jumps. But, on the whole, the results are hard to argue with. They are also phenomenally hard to copy. The main reason is most companies are still organized in a very top-down manner, and have a hard time handing responsibility to front-line workers. But its also because the fundamental ethos of kaizen slow and steady improvement runs counter to the way that most companies think about change. Most companies hope that the right concept will turn things around overnight. The Toyota approach is more like a regular, less dramatic but, much harder to uphold. Toyotas innovative methods may seem impossible, but their absolute relentlessness defeats many companies. Thats why Toyota can afford to hide in pure sight: it knows the system is easy to understand but hard to foll ow. (James Surowiecki, 2008). STEPS BY TOYOTA TO BECOME INNOVATIVE Toyota has taken the following seven key actions in order to structure their innovation. Delegation of Decisions to Innovation Teams As all important decisions in the innovation process are made by top managements agreement a time delay will result. Therefore the rest of the decisions need to be delegated to the innovation team in order to avoid such cases and enable innovation. The compliance of top management is only required at the milestones or gates of the innovation process. The members of the innovation team should be available to the team with 100% of their time in order to bring the innovations to market as soon as possible. The degree to which decisions are delegated to the teams and the degree of availability of the members for the innovation teams differ, however. Toyota has fully dedicated innovation teams with 100% availability of their members. Integration of RD into the Business Units The organizational integration of the majority of RD into the business units makes innovation management more effective. It nurtures the co-operation with the other departments of the business unit and the orientation towards the customer in lieu of an exclusive focus on the technology. Moreoverit improves the preconditions forinnovation. Co-Location of Teams and Departments Bylocating all innovation team members and relevant departments of a divisionin the same place,Toyota makes sure that everybody hears the same thing at same time. This way the information does not get disfigured. Spontaneous communication and exchange of ideas are assisted. Co-location raises the possibility that in the management of an innovation the requirements of the market-place and of the technology are simultaneously taken into consideration and that the innovation gets to market faster. (Liker J 2004) Central Innovation Teams Themanagementof innovations that will result in a new category or that will cut across multiple categories often necessitates the use of central innovation teams that are not engaged to individual divisions. This central innovation team then report toa managerat the corporate headquarters. Such central teams are mainly used in cases when the motivation and resources of individual divisions, categories, product groups or brands are insufficient to get the respective innovation to market with maximum effort and at maximum speed despite the daily pressure and distractionfrom the established operation. However, for a successful innovation management it is important that the innovation project from its verybeginning has a division, category, product group or brand assigned. Central Innovation Funds The innovation projects in most cases need a special budget to get sourced because the divisionsshy away frommaking funds available given the typically high risk of such projects. Without a central innovation fund these innovations would not be launched fast, if they would get to market at all. External Interface forOpen Innovation Open innovation is a core strategy of innovation management in order to get innovations to market more quickly and enable innovation. In order to perform Open innovation and to channel external solutions and ideas into the company, innovation management needs an effective external interface. Merger Acquisition Department A special organizational structure of managing for innovation via Open innovation is the MA department which is involved in the acquisition of innovative companies. By way of acquisitions Toyota could significantly strengthen its innovation management, and have been in the market-place with innovations much faster. (Dr. Rolf Christian Wentz 2008) OOBEYA IS JAPANESE FOR BIG, OPEN OFFICE Now lets look at Toyota Production System in the example of Toyota Corolla production. The Corolla is one of the best-selling automobiles in history and the heart of every other car that Toyota makes. Takeshi Yoshidas (chief engineer for the 2003 Toyota Corolla) assignment was complicated: to keep the price of the new Corolla under $15,000 while improving the design and adding high-tech options that would win over young drivers. Yoshida came with a new approach to planning and engineering: more innovation, lower costs, higher quality, and fewer last-minute changes. That new approach is described in one word: oobeya (ooh-bay-yuh). Its Japanese for big, open office. In terms of business that means, in order to change the way that you create a product, change when, how, and with whom you share information. For Toyota, oobeya means bringing together people from different, even all parts of the company whether theyre from finance, engineering, manufacturing, logistics, design or sal es every month for the two years before a car goes into production. Meetings can be hold anywhere (Yoshida has convened oobeyas all the way from Toyota City, Japan to Erlanger, Kentucky), and everything is open for discussion: how to maximize profit, cut costs and reduce mistakes. At the beginning, oobeya meetings concentrated on squeezing costs. Almost every penny spent on the Corolla was argued over, fought for, and explained. Between meetings, people kept the discussion going through email and phone calls. Some of employees even create their own smaller oobeyas to undertake specific problems. Yoshida held his first Corolla oobeya in early 2000. The first order of business was to determine the exact cost of creating a single Corolla. As the different employees looked beyond their own departmental budgets, all kinds of smart savings came into view. For instance, In North America, Toyota was making the bulk of its Corollas with sunroofs in Canada, while a plant in California was not outfitted to make them. Once logistics told manufacturing that it cost $300 per car to haul sunroof-equipped vehicles from Canada to warm-weather states, executives revised the assembly process. Someone probably noticed this problem before but never did anything about it, says Don Esmond, senior vice president and a general manager at Toyota Motor Sales U.S.A., who was a regular at Yoshidas oobeyas. This time, we changed an entire plant. It cost $600,000. But it will end up saving us millions. Esmond set up his own oobeya at his headquarters in Torrance, California to tackle a smaller cost problem: expensive four-color brochures. They cost so much to produce, and they were too expensive for dealers to buy, Esmond explains. The solution: Enhance the Toyota Web site to include the full-color brochures so dealers or customers could print one out. We saved another $2 million, he says. If Esmonds group showed a willingness to cut costs, they also felt comfortable enough with oobe ya-based insights to add costs. Esmond argued that adding features like a CD player, sleek wheel covers, and a 60-40 split backseat would help Yoshida sell Corollas to a younger crowd. Esmond also suspected that such features would come standard in cars within two or three years. If Toyota didnt include them now, dealers would have to discount those optionless cars in the future. (Fara Warner, 2007) While the new Corolla made it to market in March 2002, Yoshida was pleased with what oobeya had helped him to achieve. He succeeds in keeping the base models under $15,000, but he had given up nothing in quality. In fact, Toyota did not have to make only change to the car once the final design was set. That is unprecedented in an industry where design, engineering, and manufacturing often argue over quality problems right up until the first car rolls off the assembly line. Oobeya is all about the power of open minds. Explains Yoshida: There are no taboos in oobeya. Everyone in that room is an expert. They all have a part to play in building the car. With everyone being equally important to the process, we dont confine ourselves to just one way of thinking our way out of a problem. (Fara Warner, 2007) RECOMMENDATION In todays world, in order to become a leader in industry the organization must be innovative. Toyotas invisible innovation where top management involved each employee was extremely effective. The company was first in the marketplace that performed such innovation and become a leader. Engaging all departments helped to find easier, smarter and faster ways to solve problems within production process. Toyota was able to look forward at the strategy and know how to bring products to market quicker than their competitors. Innovation is the key. Its not just for the technology; its for the business strategies as well. In order to stay a leader in the market Toyota should always think out something new that adds value, see beyond what is visible, connect un-connectable and stay creative. In addition, Toyota should keep creating a strategic view, establishing innovation as priority, establishing processes to convert ideas to innovations, recognizing creative behavior CONCLUSION By following to the same principles for more than eight decades while continually changing and improving the specific methods and processes, Toyota has made steady and significant progress since the 1950s. The main reason is that the company remained grounded in modesty, listening to the customer without haughtiness and striving to make a positive contribution to its community and the larger world, Toyota finds itself in the 21st century faced with enormous opportunity and responsibility. However, Toyotas major business is automotive design, sales and service still holds the most promise and the most opportunity for contributing to society. This mission becomes important not only for Toyota, but also for the whole industry as well Toyota Production System is strong and powerful. The company constantly develops higher quality vehicles faster, for less cost and at a greater profit than its competitors. It also launches more new vehicles annually than the rest of its competitor s, creating a steady flow of high quality new products to meet customer demand. Reason for these successes is the speed and product freshness. This competitive advantage has enabled Toyota to more than double the number of unique models. Moreover, this speed to market does not come at a high price. Toyota has the lowest RD ration to sales. By correlating its production capacities with common architecture strategies, standard process and component sharing, Toyota reaches an incredible overall cost advantage. In addition, one of the Toyotas strengths has been the ability to learn from others. In doing so, Toyota has thoroughly taken into account the implication, guided the new approach, considered the costs and benefit, and adapted the new approach to improve a current process. REFERENCES Books Domansky L (2006) Automobile Industry: Current Issues, Nova Science Publishers, pp 2 13 Taiichi Ohno (1990) Toyota Production System, Beyond Large Scale Production, Productivity Press, pp 15 20 Liker J (2004) The Toyota Way: 14 Management principles from the worlds greatest manufacturer, McGraw Hill, pp 15 51 Morgan J., Liker J. (2006) The Toyota Product Development System: Integrating People, Process and Technology, Productivity Press, pp 5 12 Web Wikipedia (2008) Automotive industry, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry Wikipedia (2008) Toyota Industries, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Industries Wikipedia (2008) Toyota, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota James Surowiecki, (2008) The open secret of success. [online] (Accessed on 12 May 2008), Verified on: https://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2008/05/12/080512ta_talk_surowiecki Dr. Rolf Christian Wentz (2008) The Organizational Structure of Innovation: How Toyota, Procter Gamble , GE, 3M, IBM, Google, Microsoft, Sony, Hewlett-Packard, DuPont, Honeywell, Whirlpool [online] (Accessed on: 2008) Verified on: https://www.the-innovation-machine.com/?p=83 Fara Warner, (2007) In a Word, Toyota drives for innovation [online] (Accessed on: 19 Dec 2007) Verified on: https://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/61/toyota.html BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Domansky L (2006) Automobile Industry: Current Issues, Nova Science Publishers, pp 2 13 Taiichi Ohno (1990) Toyota Production System, Beyond Large Scale Production, Productivity Press, pp 15 20 Liker J (2004) The Toyota Way: 14 Management principles from the worlds greatest manufacturer, McGraw Hill, pp 15 51 Morgan J., Liker J. (2006) The Toyota Product Development System: Integrating People, Process and Technology, Productivity Press, pp 5 12 Chesbrough H (2006) Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology, Harvard Business School Press, pp 93 110 Hippel E (2005) Democratizing Innovation, The MIT Press, pp 107 121 Japan Management Association (1990) Shingo Shigeo: A study of the Toyota Production System, Productivity Press, pp 67 95 Magee D (2007) How Toyota Became #1: Leadership lessons from the Worlds greatest car company, Pengium Group, pp 117 131 Web Wikipedia (2008) Automotive industry, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry Wikipedia (2008) Toyota Industries, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Industries Wikipedia (2008) Toyota, [online] (Accessed on 2008), Verified on: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota James Surowiecki, (2008) The open secret of success. [online] (Accessed on 12 May 2008), Verified on: https://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2008/05/12/080512ta_talk_surowiecki Dr. Rolf Christian Wentz (2008) The Organizational Structure of Innovation: How Toyota, Procter Gamble , GE, 3M, IBM, Google, Microsoft, Sony, Hewlett-Packard, DuPont, Honeywell, Whirlpool [online] (Accessed on: 2008) Verified on: https://www.the-innovation-machine.com/?p=83 Fara Warner, (2007) In a Word, Toyota drives for innovation [online] (Accessed on: 19 Dec 2007) Verified on: https://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/61/toyota.html Hirotaka Takeuchi, Emi Osono, Norihiko Shimizu (2008) The Contradictions That Drive Toyotas Success. [online] (Accessed on: 1 Jan 2008) Verified on: https://harvardbusiness.org/product/the-contradictions-that-drive-toyotas-success/an/R0806F-PDF-ENG Steven Spear, (2009) Toyoda to run Toyota Stoking the innovation engine [online] (Accessed on: 19 Jan 2009) Verified on: https://chasingtherabbitbook.mhprofessional.com/apps/ab/2009/01/19/toyoda-to-run-toyota-stoking-the-innovation-engine/ Jon Gertner, (2007) From 0 to 60 to World Domination. [online] (Accessed on: 18 Feb 2007) Verified on: https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/18/magazine/18Toyota.t.html?pagewanted=3ei=5090en=27f821bf31ad515bex=1329454800partner=rssuserlandemc=rss Andrea Meyer, (2009) Managing Innovation: Toyotas Strategy. [online] (Accessed on: 7 Apr 2009) Verified on: https://workingknowledge.com/blog/?p=212 Stefan Lindegaard, (2009) Open innovation versus user-driven innovation: Lego and Toyota cases. [online] (Accessed on: 26 Jan 2009) Verified on: https://stefanlindegaard.com/2009/01/26/open-innovation-versus-user-driven-innovation-lego-and-toyota-cases/ Bruce Nussbaum, (2009) Toyota shows the way in innovation. [online] (Accessed on: 18 Feb 2009) Verified on: https://www.businessweek.com/innovate/NussbaumOnDesign/archives/2007/02/toyota_shows_th.html John Teresko, (2006) Learning from Toyota Again. [online] (Accessed on: 1 Feb 2006) Verified on: https://www.industryweek.com/articles/learning_from_toyota__again_11301.aspx

What Is Wind Power The Pros and Cons of This Energy Source

In the context of electricity generation, wind power is the use of air movement to rotate turbine elements in order to create an electrical current. Is Wind Power the Answer? When Bob Dylan first sang Blowin’ in the Wind in the early 1960s, he probably wasn’t talking about wind power as the answer to the world’s ever-increasing need for electricity and sources of clean, renewable energy. But that is what wind has come to represent for millions of people, who see wind power as a better way to generate electricity than plants fueled by coal, hydro (water) or nuclear power. Wind Power Starts with the Sun Wind power is actually a form of solar power because wind is caused by heat from the sun. Solar radiation heats every part of the Earth’s surface, but not evenly or at the same speed. Different surfaces—sand, water, stone and various types of soil—absorb, retain, reflect and release heat at different rates, and the Earth generally gets warmer during daylight hours and cooler at night. As a result, the air above the Earth’s surface also warms and cools at different rates. Hot air rises, reducing the atmospheric pressure near the Earth’s surface, which draws in cooler air to replace it. That movement of air is what we call wind. Wind Power Is Versatile When air moves, causing wind, it has kinetic energy—the energy created whenever mass is in motion. With the right technology, the wind’s kinetic energy can be captured and converted to other forms of energy such as electricity or mechanical power. That’s wind power. Just as the earliest windmills in Persia, China, and Europe used wind power to pump water or grind grain, today’s utility-connected wind turbines and multi-turbine wind farms use wind power to generate clean, renewable energy to power homes and businesses. Wind Power Is Clean and Renewable Wind power should be considered an important component of any long-term energy strategy because wind power generation uses a natural and virtually inexhaustible source of power—the wind—to produce electricity. That is a stark contrast to traditional power plants that rely on fossil fuels. And wind power generation is clean; it doesn’t cause air, soil or water pollution. That’s an important difference between wind power and some other renewable energy sources, such as nuclear power, which produces a vast amount of hard-to-manage waste. Wind Power Sometimes Conflicts with Other Priorities One obstacle to increasing worldwide use of wind power is that wind farms must be located on large tracts of land or along coastlines to capture the greatest wind movement. Devoting those areas to wind power generation sometimes conflicts with other land uses, such as agriculture, urban development, or waterfront views from expensive homes in prime locations. Of more concern from an environmental perspective is the effects of wind farms on wildlife, in particular on bird and bat populations. Most of the environmental problems associated with wind turbines are tied to where they are installed. Unacceptable numbers of bird collisions occur when the turbines are positioned along the path of migratory birds (or baths). Unfortunately, lake shores, coastal locations, and mountain ridges are both natural migration funnels AND areas with lots of wind. Careful siting of this equipment is crucial, preferably away from migratory routes or established flight paths. Wind Power Can Be Fickle Wind speeds vary greatly between months, days, even hours, and they cannot always be predicted accurately. This variability presents numerous challenge for handling wind power, especially since wind energy is difficult to store. The Future Growth of Wind Power As the need for clean, renewable energy increases and the world more urgently seeks alternatives to finite supplies of oil, coal and natural gas, priorities will change. And as the cost of wind power continues to decline, due to technology improvements and better generation techniques, wind power will become increasingly feasible as a major source of electricity and mechanical power.

The Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki - 2336 Words

THESIS STATEMENT Despite criticisms, President Harry S. Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the lesser of many evils, sparing more lives in the long term by avoiding continued conflict. PURPOSE STATEMENT Through historical research and sociological analysis, it will be proven that the atomic bombs were the best possible strategy to save lives and bring a speedy end to the war in the Pacific. INTRODUCTION On August 6, 1945 the culmination of years of scientific research and testing was released on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The fiery explosion that discharged from the atomic bomb killed tens of thousands instantly. When no word of surrender was uttered by the Japanese leadership, another atomic weapon was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9. Although less lethal than the first, thousands still perished in the Japanese city. â€Å"The Japanese leaders [understood] the utter hopelessness of their position† (Groves 319), and the next day they announced Japan’s unconditional surrender to the Allied forces. This capitulation finally saw the conclusion of almost four years of warring in the Pacific. Thousands of Allied soldiers poised to invade the Asian country cheered with relief, knowing their lives had been spared. Meanwhile, half a world away, few Americans opposed the use of the atomic bomb, knowing it was a necessary evil. As years passed, though, the controversy surr ounding the bombings grew. Corrupt leadership, Cold War experiences,Show MoreRelatedAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki844 Words   |  4 Pagesdropped atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing nearly 200,000 people. This resulted in Japans surrender in World War II. J. Samuel Walker analyzes this historical event in his book Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs. Over the past 70 years’ extensive research has been conducted and there is an understanding that Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs is inconclusive. It is impossible to determine that the use of the bomb was the quickestRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1302 Words   |  6 PagesAllies almost one week after being hit with two atomic bombs. On August 6, 1945 during World War II an American B-29 bomber dropped the world s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city Hiroshima, wiping out 90 percent of the city and killing 80,000 people immediately. Three days later a second B-29 dropped another atomic bomb on the Japanese city Nagasaki, killing around 40,000 people. (The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) The Hiroshima/Nagasaki bombings were necessary because it played aRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki884 Words   |  4 PagesFearful cries spread through the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it was measured that 135,000 people were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bombs created? Who decided to use them? These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatly. It all started when WorldRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1776 Words   |  8 PagesThe use of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II was a controversial decision that was made by President Truman. On August 6, 1945, President Truman decided to drop the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima and three days later a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. It brought an end to the bloody war in the Pacific after 4 years. Making Japan surrender in the face of unimaginable force and significant destruction on Japan’s soil. Nevertheless, Truman’s decisionRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1515 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb in Japan? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed Hiroshima and over 90,000 people were instantly killed in the explosion and an additional 100,000 people perished from burns and radiation sickness. Japan refusedRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1764 Words   |  8 Pagesmake the decision to drop the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki however, President Truman was ultimately the man who made the final decision to launch ‘Little Boy’ and destroy Hiroshima, Nagasaki and their civilians, thus forcing an end to the war. Although there were many alternatives presented to President Truman, it is unknown as to whether they would have actually succeeded in ending the war or producing less casualties. Truman made the decision to drop these bombs in the heat of war but h is justificationRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1364 Words   |  6 PagesOn the 6th of August 1945 America dropped the atomic bomb by the name of ‘Little Boy’ dropped by the plane ‘Enola Gay’ on the Japanese city, Hiroshima. Three days later on the 9th of August America dropped another bombed called, ‘Fat Man’ on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. A surrender was received and accepted by America on the 15th of August and the war against Japan had ended. Harry S. Truman, the man responsible for dropping the bombs claims it ended the war more efficiently and was in fact theRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesDespite the extreme devastation, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. The atomic bomb is a weapon unmatched in warfare, rapidly releasing nuclear energy by fission of atomic nuclei. Desperate times call for desperate measures, which is why America chose to unleash its most deadly weapon, the atomic bomb, on Japan. America, who had already fought in World War II for over four years, had no desire to perpetuate the war. When Japan refused to surrender, America was leftRead MoreAtomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1074 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many different ways in which WWII could have ended. Rather than taking the risk of dropping atomic bombs on Japan, many people believe that one of the alternative options would have been much more sensible. The variety of possible options the U.S. could have taken to finish the war have been analyzed for years. Though Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most controversial and debated topics in history, this researcher believes that he madeRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1998 Words   |  8 Pagesto drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Joon Jung 2/21/16 Word Count: 1848 Section A: Identification and Evaluation of Sources Research Question: Was it necessary for President Truman to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Was it necessary for Truman to drop the Atomic Bombs on Japan in World War II? On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb was dropped by a US aircraft on Hiroshima. This atomic bomb was dropped to force Japan into surrender, this bomb alone destroyed

Business Law Assignment

Questions: Part A: 1. Setting up/Starting an unlimited partnership or a private limited company. Present an analysis of the pros and cons of setting up either an unlimited partnership or a private limited company.2. Running an unlimited partnership or limited company. Explain and analyse the duties and legal obligations associated with running either an unlimited partnership or a private limited company. 3. Duties and liabilities in the termination of either an unlimited partnership or a private limited company. Explain the ways in which either unlimited partnerships or private limited companies are terminated. Analyse the liabilities and duties occurring in the termination of these types of venture. Part B) Relevant statute should be cited to support each point raised, with case law examples and academic commentary to reinforce arguments and evidence research. Answers: Part A 1. Setting up a private limited company in United Kingdom can be an easy process if proper guidelines are to be followed. For a company to be limited in nature, the company needs to be registered online at Companies House. Registration is possible online, b post or through an agent that requires a registration fee to be paid. This process of registration is called as incorporation. To list of requirements needed for setting a private limited company is the company needs to have a name, which is according to the rules set for the same (Cumming and Walz 2010). The company should have a registered address, one director, at least one shareholder, a memorandum of association, statement of capital, which gives details of companys shares and finally an article of association. After the company is registered, the company will receive a Certificate of Incorporation. Another important registration is that of Corporation tax, which is compulsory within three months of starting business (Altman Sabato and Wilson 2010). There are many advantages and disadvantages of setting up a private limited company. The advantages of setting up a private limited company are as follows: Easy Procedure to set up With the introduction of online registration of a company, the procedure to set up a limited company has become very simple. There is no need to wait for a long period for the Companies House to process the paper work (Davies 2010). The incorporation cost has also become an allowable expense against corporation tax. The Companies Act 2006 makes rules for establishing and running a company in United Kingdom and this amended Act has made setting up a company very simple effective from 1 October 2009 making administrative formalities minimal. Separate Legal Entity A limited company has its own individual personality and identity. This makes an outside party contract with the company and not with the shareholders and directors of the company. This also gives company a never ending life which means that a company survives the death of its owners and the directors and shareholders of the company can change from time to time without affecting the status of the company (Nambissa and Ball 2010). Limited Liability The liability of the shareholders of the company was limited for the debts that the company would bear. The liability of the shareholders is limited to the amount of their unpaid share capital. This helps a companys management to take calculated risk without the fear of any gross loss, which could be suffered that the liability be unlimited like in partnership firms. Limited Liability is one of the most significant benefits which a private limited company enjoys. Tax Benefits Sole trading companies and Partnership firms pay income tax and Limited companies pay corporation tax. Corporation tax rates are lower than the income tax rates. This is a significant advantage in setting up private limited company (Becht et al., 2010). Easy Fund Raising In case of sole trader and partnership firms, the owners have to raise or collect capital from their own resources however, in a private limited company, the company has the option to raise funds while issue of shares. The company has the option of issuing new shares and offering it to its existing shareholders. However, the option of raising funds with the help of public issue is only possible if the company is a public limited company (Brealey et al. 2012). Creditability An efficient and talented management team supports the internal working of a private limited company. This factor is a big help in building third party confidence in the limited company. The third party can include various suppliers, vendors and other larger companies who would not deal with a company that is not of the limited nature. This opens up broader business opportunities for the private limited company, which can help in its ultimate goal of making huge profits (Daniel 2012). The disadvantages of setting up a private limited company are as follows: Liability Even when one of the major benefits of forming a limited company is that the limited of the owners is limited. The bank still requires personal guarantees from the directors of the company, which means the directors can somewhat be liability for the debts of the company. Administration The administrative formalities are much higher in a private limited company than the other form of business structures like the sole trader and partnership. Directors of a private limited company are expected to deliver various statutory reports and company papers to Companies House. In addition, non-compliance or failure on the part of the director to submit these documents on time can attract heavy penalties (DA, FERREIRA and MARQUES 2012). Confidentiality The accounts and important documents of a private limited company are public records, which every and any person can review. This makes the companys vital information open to all and the confidentiality of the company is very limited (Gatti 2013). Accounting fees - The reporting formalities for private limited companies are very wide and attract heavy penalties if the company fails to comply with the same. Therefore, to avoid the heavy penalties the companies are bound to employ highly talented accountants and compliance officers, which increases it, cost as the talented accounts charge a heavy fee for their services (Cavoukian 2012). Withdrawal In case of an individual who wants to withdraw from his position or surrender his shares of the company, it gets a difficult situation as it is complicated to separate the assets and finance of the director and the shareholder from that of the companys (Henriques and Richardson 2013). 2. Starting and running a private limited company, attracts many duties and legal obligations, which are mandatory to be followed. Non-compliance of many of such duties and obligations can result into heavy monetary penalties and go to the extent of criminal liability, which included arrest (Teasdale 2011). As a limited company has its own personality of a legal person, however practically it cannot be arrested; therefore, the top management of the company, which are the shareholders, directors and auditors of the company usually, are charged with criminal liability in case they act negligently in fulfilling their duties as an employee of the company. A private limited company in United Kingdom is governed under the rules and regulations made by the Companies Act 2006. The Companies Act 2006 states many duties and legal obligation, which all the limited companies in United Kingdom need to comply with in order to be operative legally (Saunders and Steffen 2011). The various duties and legal obligation of private limited companies are as follows: Registration The primary duty of a private limited company is that it registers its existence, name and address duly following all the rules and regulations and paying the correct registration fees as required by the law. The said rules and regulations are clearly mentioned in the Companies act, 2006 in United Kingdom (Storey and Ymen 2011). Maintain Accounting records Every private limited company is under the duty and legal obligation to maintain accurate and correct accounting records, which are reviewed by the Companies House annually. At the end of every financial years, the Company is under an obligation to prepare a statutory annual account (Bale et al. 2012). Taxation It is a primary duty and legal obligation of every private limited company to pay appropriate tax returns whenever required by the law as directed in the Companies Act 2006 in United Kingdom. The accounts and tax returns are required to meet the deadlines Companies House creates for its filing (Lyon, Teasdale and Baldock 2010). Corporate Social Responsibilities I the recent years, many legal amendments and reforms have made corporate social responsibility a mandatory activity which every company operative in United Kingdom needs to comply ad fulfil. Corporate Social Responsibility is a action which every company needs to take to fulfil certain legal requirements to enhance the economical, environmental and social development. It means that a private limited company acts as a responsible business house and follows a strategy with principles of shared value for society and business (Burns 2010). Legal Compliance It is the duty of every private limited company operative in United Kingdom to carry its busies following the law set in United Kingdom which is the Companies Act 2006. The rules and regulations set in the Companies Act 2006 is the guiding document, which suggests all the legal requirements to be followed by a company. It is the companys duty to carry according to the said Act. These duties include conducting timely meetings according to the rules set for the same, appointment of appropriate skilled staff, etc. Disclosures It is the duty of every private limited company to make accurate and honest disclosures of the all information that its legally liable to disclose. The consequences of inappropriate disclosures can attract many monetary penalties. Bribery It is the duty of every private limited company in United Kingdom to refrain from taking or giving any monetary benefits to gain advantages. The laws against bribery should be followed by every private limited company and it is important not just as a legal requirement but to keep a clean competitive environment in the society to work (Teasdale 2010). Management It is the duty of every private limited company to appoint skilled staff, which includes directors ad auditors. In return, the directors consist the top management, which run the company; therefore, director duties are almost the duties of the company. Section 171 to 177 under the Companies Act 2006, state duties that are mandatory for a private limited companys director to follow. These duties include the duty to act within the powers as mentioned in the Act, the memorandum, and the Articles of the company, to promote the success and interest of the company in every way while taking important decisions regarding the working of the company. It is also the duty of the director to have independent judgement without any conflict of interest where he keeps his interest above that of the companys. It is the duty of the director to exercise reasonable care and diligence while carrying out his duties as a director. It is the duty of the director to avoid taking any bribe or undu e advantages from any third parties to promote self-interest. Following these duties by a companys director indirectly makes the company comply with the legal requirements of the Companies Act 2006 (Teasdale 2010). Environmental Safeguard If the private limited company is engaged in manufacturing or processing industry or any other industry which can harm the environment, it is the duty of the private limited company to take all measures to ensure that its manufacturing or processing unit does not harm the environment. It is the duty of every company to protect the environment while carrying out its business. 3. There are many factors, which can lead to termination of a private limited company. A private limited company, which is not involved in trading, can apply to strike down its name from the register of the companies. Under Section 1003 of the Companies Act 2006, a limited company can request for dissolution provided it meets the necessary requirements. These requirements are as follows: The company has not traded for a period of 3 months The name of the company was no changed in the last three months It is free from any current or potential legal proceedings The company has not made any disposal for value of its properties and rights If a private limited company is not trading since the last three months, the simplest and the most inexpensive way of dissolution is to apply for striking down he companies name from the register. However, this method is not an alternative to insolvency proceedings. The private limited company is under an obligation to sent copies of dissolution form within 10 days from its application for the same to all the companys members, employees, managers, trustee and directors for signing the said form. If the Registrar believes that the said company is fulfilling all the requirements mentioned above and is not working currently, they will strike down the companys name from the registrar and the private limited company will be dissolved without going through liquidation (Ltz, Eberle and Lauter 2011). The next method to dissolve a company in United Kingdom is to initiate members voluntary dissolution. This method can be used when the company is solvent and wished to retire or stop its business operations. There are simple steps to dissolution under this method, which are filling solvency declaration and call for a shareholder meeting to pass a winding up resolution, then the resolution needs to be advertised in a Gazette. Finally a liquidator needs to be appointed who will take charge of dissolution process and finally send the finally report to Companies House where the dissolution will be accepted. In case the company is insolvent, the dissolution can be either the creditors voluntarily dissolution or the company can opt for compulsory liquidation. For a company to be dissolved in the first manner, shareholder agreement is compulsory where 75% shareholders agree to the dissolution. The next steps are similar to the method of striking down companies name only in this case a creditor meeting is conducted where creditors can question directors about company failure or suggest another liquidator. However, when a company cannot pays its debts and the creditors get a court judgement for payment of their debts, company can either pay the debts of the creditors or get into a arrangement with the creditors to pay the debts in future and opt for voluntary arrangement. The creditors in this case apply to get the companys assets seized, if the assets are not enough to pay all debts, the creditors apply to have the company dissolve (Acerete et al. 2010). The liabilities and duties of a private limited company on termination are that it pays all its creditors in full any debt which its owes. The company should follow the legal process of termination mentioned in the Companies Act 2006 in United Kingdom. The dissolution fees and penalties, if any, need to be duly paid by the company while it is carrying on its dissolution procedure. The company going through dissolution procedure needs to fill all the forms its legally required to fill under the Companies Act 2006. Part B The private limited company, which is owned and managed by me, is called High Heels Private Limited. The said company is involved in manufacturing a wide range of shoes including women, men and children shoes. The company was started two years ago with me and two of my other friends as three shareholders of the company. The name of the directors of the company was Paul Walker, Tina Gomes and me, John Davis. We started the said private limited company considering the various advantages of the private limited business structure compared to the partnership structure, which could have been another option. The major advantage we received was limited liability, which allowed us to take many calculated risk in the past two years, which eventually proved fruitful and lead to the success of the High Heel Private Limited. The private limited company structure attracted many people who showed great interest in being a part of it. Therefore, the business structure helped us to develop great teams, which is very important in establishing a business and achieving success. It is rightly said that great business activities are a result of a great and talented team, which proved true in my experience. In the recent times, employees who seek for jobs look for much more than just a high salary, they want to be a part of a larger entity which has wide growth prospects. This makes the potential employees get attracted to join a company business structure. The private limited company is the most suitable for economic growth as the problem of raising funds is not very difficult in the limited form of business structure. The new issue of shares can be distributed to existing shareholders. Another benefit of private limited company is that it protects personal assets and it gets easier to concentrate on work without the tension of losing your personal assets. This makes one focus on the business without the fear of potential business losses affecting your business. The tax benefits attached with private limited business structure also benefited High Heel Private Limited Company at the initial stage and during the first years of its incorporation as it cut down on the capital and cost of running the business. In the industrialist environment today, the companies with limited growth scope are falling apart and the reason for its decline is that they follow the traditional business structure of sole trader and partnership, which have growth limitation. With High Heel Private Limited, being a company, it attracted many vendors and suppliers who dealt with us believing in the structure and the management, which we build; this resulted in a significant growth that was observed in the past one year in the company dealings. The company was started with producing just 6,000 pair of shoes in a year, which had increased to 11,000 pair of this the following year. As High Heel Private Limited was a manufacturing unit, the company from its very start and in all its administrative formalities fulfilled all the legal requirements, which are mentioned in the Companies Act 2006. Following regular compliance rules helped the company to receive governmental support, which resulted fruitful while the shoe factory was expanded. The aim of the private limited company started was to expand and gain profits by following all the legal procedures and requirements, it was a principle, which was adopted in the Articles of the company, that the Company will carry its business with all compliances. Thus, the good intention being the business increased the market value of the company, which resulted in its quick success. Therefore, according to be selecting an appropriate business structure is the primary step towards building a successful business which is followed by making well with the advantages the business structure has to offer and smartly avoid the situations where the disadvantages can create huge problems or losses. The private limited company structure is one of the best business structures available to establish and run successful business operations. 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